Resource Author Francisco R. Higueras
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Lasers, at times, seem like weapons only seen science fiction movies. Many actually do not realize lasers are a part of our daily lives being used in DVD players, printers, scanners, laser pointers and more. In addition to its common uses, lasers are actively being used in the military and are an integral part of many military activities and missions.

The story behind them being called challenge coins is that every military person who has received one should carry it on them at all times. If another person pulls their military unit coin out and taps it on the table then it can be challenged by another person who has one as well. If a person of lower rank loses the challenge then they must buy the higher ranking officer a drink.

Another major use of lasers is in target designation. Target designation is the use of lasers to pin point a specific location or target. The military often times us a low power infrared or IR lasers. Infrared lasers are invisible to the human eyes. In order to see IR radiation, a special type of IR goggles must first be worn. Therefore, by using infrared light, a specific target can be secretly targeted. Fighter jets often make use of this technology to secretly and precisely aim missiles and other destructive weaponry.

The Second World War saw three slightly altered classes of Iron Cross awarded, namely (in ascending order) the Iron Cross, the Knight’s Cross and the Grand Cross. The Knight’s Cross was awarded itself in five sub classes; Knight’s Cross, Knight’s Cross with Oak Leaves, Knight’s Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, Knight’s Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds and, finally, Knight’s Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds.

As many as 4.5 million Iron Crosses were awarded in the Second World War, including 300,000 First Class and 7,313 Knight’s Crosses. Notable recipients included Rommel, Model, Manteuffel and Sepp Dietrich.

There are other variations of the Iron Cross but these were very rarely awarded. For example, the Grand Cross (1939), which was awarded only once (Goering). And the Star of the Grand Cross, the last recipient being Hindenburg in 1918. The Iron Cross is highly collectible, not least because so many of them awarded. Sadly, the recipient cannot be identified and researched but that does not detract from their interest to collectors.

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